The story of the creation of the British National Museum - Британский музей

The history of creation of the oldest Museum in the world - the British in General is pretty straightforward. It was established by decree of the English Parliament in HAB. For it was bought and refurbished a magnificent house of Lord Halifax-Montagu house in Bloomsbury, where a Museum and was opened six years later, in Wal British national Museum was laid by a private person-sir Hans Sloane, who in 1751 the Parliament, proposed to buy his precious scientific collection for 20,000 pounds. Physician Hans Sloane wanted his congregation remained in London, where due to the large concourse of people from them would be of the highest benefit." The Parliament agreed, and then I bought a collection of manuscripts of Garleem and joined them previously donated to the library of sir James cotton. британский музей мавзолей искусство

Underlying the Museum's collection were not purchased with state money, and the income from the national lottery. During her conduct was collected Fund V 000 pounds. Although the Parliament and established the Museum, but such a small set of its annual funding that public funds are simply not enough. Therefore, the entrance to the Museum was strictly limited, and for many years after its discovery it took no more than 60 people e day. After half a century this figure had risen to 120 people a day.

The original building of the Museum was located in the neighborhood where she lived aristocratic audience, and, of course, the Museum was not a place for mass visits. He was open to the public only for the first four days of the week, and then only "to every man's decent". Visitors were allowed groups of 15 people each. Until 1836 (and even later) the Museum on weekends and public holidays not worked to limit the influx of members of the "lower classes", including "sailors with shipyards and maidens, whom they might bring".

In the exhibition were exhibited mainly manuscripts, books, coins and medals. Diversity in strict and prudish atmosphere of the Museum was made artifacts such as the Egyptian mummy, preserved head of a vulture, pig-Cyclops...Among the interesting exhibits was one of the two horns that grew on the head of a certain Mary Davis, whose portrait (with two horns) was posted here. So for a long time the British Museum remained a Cabinet of rare and curious things.

If not for private donations, the Museum is unlikely to be able to significantly add to their collections. However, from time to time Parliament has allocated certain amounts for target acquisitions. So, in 1772 were bought Greek and Roman vases that belonged to sir William Hamilton, in 1804 and 1814, the Townley marbles, in 1810 - collection of minerals of Greville.

In the years 1814-1815 Parliament bought for the British Museum masterpieces and Finnish of the Parthenon, executed under the leadership genius of Phidias. In England these treasures were brought by Lord Algina, former British Ambassador in Constantinople. These acquisitions and provided to the British Museum international recognition and a reputation as one of the largest collections of antiquities. However, some time these priceless treasures were stored in a shed in the garden, because they had no place in the exposition.

To the left of the entrance to the Hall of Alcina is a relief model of the Athenian Acropolis and the Parthenon in the form in which they were in 1687 after the bombing of the Venetian General Morosini. After the barbaric bombing of the Parthenon remained almost intact, but Morosini wanted to withdraw from the West pediment several sculptural groups to take masterpieces in Venice. During this vandalism of the statue fell and shattered.

On the Athenian Acropolis, and the temple was the ensemble Erecta-he, on the South side of which was located the famous porch of the caryatids. At the edge of the six walls carved from marble girls, light and graceful, support the ceiling. Now one of the caryatids decorate the hall of the British Museum.

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The story of the creation of the British National Museum - Британский музей

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